Material handling is the science of moving, handling, and storing materials during transportation. People can move materials by lifting them directly or using hand trucks, slings, and other handling accessories. Material can also be moved using machines such as cranes and forklifts. They are typically used when heavy materials need to be moved.
Material handling requires the systematic recording, critical review and supervision of all related activities to eliminate as much unnecessary movement as possible. It is a primary activity in all industries and involves numerous people and specialized material handling equipment.
Different types of material handling processes are required at different locations. Cranes are used at docks, trucks are used to transport factory products, and conveyor belts are used at airports. The primary goals of material handling are to prevent damage and improve productivity. If you see long lines in the supply and dispatch areas or if the merchandise is received in poor condition or at a date much later than the expected delivery date, it is definitely a mishandling of materials.
The two main factors affecting material handling are related to engineering and economics. The nature of the material to be handled and the material handling equipment are engineering related factors. The cost of material handling and the equipment used are related to economics. Over the last few decades, material handling has become highly automated. Computers are being widely used to systematize material handling.
In general, materials handling is considered an important activity throughout all links of the supply chain, including production, distribution, warehousing, and retail. Minimizing the complexity of handling operations can increase productivity and reduce costs.
